Thank you for the link, Quinn.
In my case, I noticed the problem when I ran the security dump-trust-settings -d command—it turned up something interesting. :) The problem was in:
Apple Root CA
Apple Root CA G2
Apple Root CA G3
certificates which had Trust set to "Always Trust" instead of "Use System Defaults". I messed up with these settings when I was debugging issues with code signing.
Topic:
Code Signing
SubTopic:
Notarization